Barriers To Accessing Mental Health Services Among Syrian Refugees: A Mixed-Method Study

Objective: Although Syrian refugees have high rates of mental health problems due to war trauma, little is known on their degree of need for and contact with mental health services. Using a population sample of Syrian refugees living in Ankara, we assessed the perceived need for and contact with mental health services, as well as the barriers to access these services. Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method study of 420 Syrian refugees living in Ankara city center, using face to face interviews administered at the respondents' home by trained, Arabic-speaking interviewers. PTSD and depression were assessed using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Results: Of all the refugees in our sample, 14,8% (N=62) stated that they felt the need for mental healthcare since arriving in Turkey. The actual number contacting any mental health service was very low (1,4%, N=6). The most important barriers to accessing mental health services were reported by the respondents to be language problems and lack of information on available mental health services. Service providers and policymakers also reported similar topics as the most important barriers: low awareness about mental health problems, daily living difficulties, and language and cultural barriers. Multivariate analyses revealed that presence of medical or mental disorders and female gender predicted the perceived need for contacting services. Conclusion: Our results show that, although refugees report high rates of mental health problems, the perceived need for and actual contact with services are very low. To address this treatment gap, and to provide adequate care for refugees with mental health problems, common barriers (language and awareness) should be identified and dealt with.