Modeling of contact resistivity and simplification of 3D homogenization strategy for the H formulation

The finite element method (FEM) provides a powerful support for the calculations of superconducting electromagnetic responses. It enables the analysis of large-scale high-temperature superconducting (HTS) systems by the popular H formulation. Nonetheless, modeling of contact resistivity in three-dimensional (3D) FEM is still a matter of interest. The difficulty stems from the large aspect ratio of the contact layer in numerical modeling. Nowadays, an available solution is to model the contact layer with zero thickness but requires the discontinuity conditions of the magnetic field. In this paper, the energy variational method is utilized to incorporate the contribution of contact resistivity into the H formulation. From the perspective of energy transfer, the contact resistivity is related to the energy dissipation of the radial current flowing through the contact interface. In terms of applications, this method can be employed to calculate the charging delay of no-insulation coils and the current sharing behaviors of CORC cables. One advantage of this model is that the magnetic field is continuous and hence can be easily implemented in FEM. Additionally, it requires fewer degrees of freedom and hence presents advantages in computational efficiency. Moreover, this method can be employed to simplify the 3D H homogeneous model for insulated coils. The above discussions demonstrate that the proposed model is a promising tool for the modeling of contact resistivity.