Pyrazinoquinoxaline graphdiyne: A novel high-capacity anode material for metal-ion batteries

The rapid expansion of the electronics industry and the growing need for advanced energy storage solutions have driven the quest for rechargeable batteries with improved capacity and prolonged lifetimes. In this context, significant attention has been directed towards the exploration of two-dimensional (2D) materials, particularly carbon nanosheets such as Graphdiyne, owing to their compelling electrical, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The recent achievement in producing pyrazinoquinoxaline graphdiyne (PQ-GDY) nanosheets, distinguished by their remarkable stability and exceptional physical properties, has ignited our research curiosity, prompting an exploration of their potential suitability as anode materials for lithium ( Li ), sodium ( Na ), calcium ( Ca ), and magnesium ( Mg ) ion batteries. This investigation is conducted using first-principle electronic structure simulations. Drawing from our rigorous theoretical analysis, pyrazinoquinoxaline graphdiyne (PQGDY) has demonstrated favorable electrode properties, positioning it as a promising candidate for potential utilization in Li, Na, and Ca ion batteries. Notably, the pyrazinoquinoxaline graphdiyne rectangular (PQ-GDYRec) material demonstrates remarkable storage capacities for Li , Na , and Ca ions, reaching values of 1938 mAh /g , 1716 mAh /g , and 830.60 mAh /g , respectively. These findings position PQ-GDY-Rec as a highly promising material for application in metal-ion batteries, suggesting new avenues for the advancement of rechargeable batteries with significantly enhanced storage capabilities.