Enhancing Residential Sustainability: Multi-objective optimization of hydrogen-based multi-energy system

To enhance residential sustainability by providing decarbonized and locally produced energy to a residential district, the relevance of a grid-connected multi-energy system, including PV panels, a battery, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank, and a fuel cell, is studied. A model is developed that creates high-resolution, continuous yearly profiles. The model is then utilized in a metaheuristic multi-objective optimization based on total cost and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions to highlight sizing trends. In the results, the most cost-efficient solutions rely mostly on PV power with minimal battery storage capacity, whereas hydrogen systems are necessary to achieve the best emission reductions. The analysis does not identify a promising prospect for seasonal energy storage with the current tank and battery lifetime emissions. Producing more than 65 % of the energy demand locally is not deemed beneficial.