Factors Affecting Length of Stays in the Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study From Najran, Saudi Arabia

Background: Reducing the frequency of emergency department (ED) patient visits for treatment, particularly in urgent instances, is a global healthcare objective. Additionally, a more extended stay in the ED can harm a patient's prognosis during later hospitalization. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the length of stay in the ED in a teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was done between January 1, 2021, and February 31, 2021, involving 122 adult patients who had delayed ED visits to King Khalid Hospital in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Data on the patient's characteristics, visit time, and the causes for the delay based on the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) were gathered and analyzed. Factors associated with more than six hours of delay were investigated in a univariate analysis. Result: The mean age was 52.3 +/- 13.5 years, and 42 (34.4%) were more than 65 years of age. More than half of the study population were female (n=66; 54.1%). Most delays occurred among CTAS 4 and 5 cases (47.5%), and 22 (18.0%) occurred during holidays. The mean delay time was 6.1 +/- 1.8 hours. The leading delay causes were multiple consultations with further investigations (37.7%) and conflict between the teams (36.1%). In univariate analysis, ED visiting at holiday time (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.04-0.40, p <0.001) and CTAS 4 and 5 (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 0.95-5.30, p = 0.003) significantly had more delay. Factors associated with delay in univariate analysis were multiple consultations with further investigations (OR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.32-6.26, p = 0.013), various assessments in different ED areas with a late arrival of the specialist (OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.91, p = 0.042), and conflict between the teams (OR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.17-5.54, p = 0.031). Conclusion: In this study, multiple assessments in different ED areas and conflict between the teams were the main factors that caused delays in ED. Implementing a timeframe monitoring system for consultations while emphasizing accelerated decision-making and disposition for patients and understanding teamwork collaboration may reduce patients' length of stay in the ED. Implementing these strategies and evaluating their impact on the length of stay in the ED requires further investigation.