Oil-based Z-isomer-rich lycopene: Efficient production in dual-media and stability evaluation

Developing a practical and efficient method for the Z -isomerization of lycopene is essential, as the Z -isomers exhibit higher biological activity and bioavailability compared to the all - E -isomer. The aim of this study was to develop an innovative approach to induce thermal Z -isomerization of (all- E )-lycopene by utilizing a dual -media system consisting of oil and ethanol in conjunction with a heat -pressure process. Specifically, the effects of reaction temperature, initial reaction pressure, ethanol volume ratio, and reaction time were investigated. The novel reaction system effectively facilitated the Z -isomerization of (all- E )-lycopene. For instance, when subjected to a reaction at 120 degrees C for 30 min, the total Z -isomer ratio surpassed 66%. FTIR, DSC, and XRD confirmed the presence of Z -isomer -rich lycopene dispersed in oil in an amorphous state and with a lower melting point. Moreover, an evaluation of the stability of Z -isomer -rich lycopene in olive oil revealed a decreasing trend in both lycopene concentration and total Z -isomer ratio with increasing temperature and storage time. Notably, among the lycopene isomers, (5 Z )-lycopene showed the greatest stability compared to other isomers of lycopene. This eco-friendly and efficient isomerization technology is a useful approach for producing Z -isomer -rich lycopene materials.