Factors associated with body mass index in a cohort of older adults: Structural equation modeling analysis

Background Considering the interrelationship between the multiple determinants of nutritional status, analyses are needed to estimate direct and mediated effects between the variables that influence body mass index (BMI) in older adults. We aimed to verify the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic, behavioral and health conditions on the BMI of older adults in the community. Methods This is a longitudinal study based on data collection in 2015 and 2020. Descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were performed, considering p<0.05. Results The sample consisted of 220 older adults with a mean baseline age of 68.86 years (+/- 7.10). Direct associations of higher BMI value with younger age, higher monthly family income, greater functional disability to perform instrumental activities of daily living and greater number of morbidities were found. In addition, education, gender, moderate to vigorous physical activity were indirectly associated with high BMI. Conclusion These findings provide insights into the complex relationship of multiple determinants of nutritional status in older adults and support the design of public health policies that consider the specificities of this population group.