An effective parametric sensitivity analysis to improve electrical and thermal energy/exergy efficiency of PVT system using nanofluid

A 3D steady-state model of a photovoltaic/Thermal system with nanofluid is studied to investigate the electrical and thermal performance of PVT by utilizing a combination of statistical modeling and numerical simulation. The 3D CAD (Computer Aided Design) modeling of the photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) is performed using Ansys Space Claim. The current study is based on using a 2-way coupling FSI approach for modeling nanofluid-based PVT systems. Five output responses electrical power, thermal power, electrical exergy, thermal exergy, and entropy generation are chosen against four input parameters, solar radiation (G_sun), ambient temperature (Tamb), mass flow rate ( (center dot)m), and nanoparticles concentration % (phi) to analyze system performance. A statistical prediction model is developed using response surface methodology (RSM) that starts from the design of experiment (DOE). The predicted outcomes obtained from the statistical model and the numerical simulation of the heat transfer model exhibit the existence of good fitness. Furthermore, optimization is performed using RSM for various optimization objectives to suggest the ideal design parameter values for optimal system performance. Sensitivity analysis illustrates that a rise in ambient temperature causes a drop in electrical power production and leads to an increase in thermal power. However, the increase in solar radiation boosts electrical power and causes a drop in thermal exergy, entropy generation increases with an increase in solar irradiation. Similarly, an increase in mass flow rate leads to an increase in thermal power. Multi-objective optimization with the highest composite desirability values depicts the influence of input design parameters and has a favorable effect on the objective of concurrently maximizing electrical and thermal power.