Optimal Operation of Integrated Energy System with Coupled Energy Storage Based on Stackelberg Game

Understanding the interaction strategy between multiple energy agents is the main challenge in optimizing the operation of integrated energy system. This paper proposes an optimal operation strategy of integrated energy system with coupled energy storage based on Stackelberg game. The interactive strategy corresponding to the optimal benefits of multiple agents is obtained in the Stackelberg leader-follower framework. The integrated energy operator acts as the leader, formulating the pricing strategy based on users' demands, while the energy user act as the follower and determine their energy consumption based on the prices set by the operator. The case study results indicate that the proposed optimization model successfully achieves the "source-load-storage" synergistic optimization, ultimately leading to a reduction in the overall cost of the system, while simultaneously preserving customer satisfaction. By balancing the fluctuation of electric and heat loads, energy storage modules have the potential to considerably improve the overall economy and safety of system operations.