The relationship between arthritis and nocturia among adults under 60: A cross-sectional study based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objective: This study aims to investigate how arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, affects the incidence of nocturia in adults aged 20-59. Methods: This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2020, involving 18 745 adults aged 20-59. Arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, was considered as the exposure factor, with nocturia as the outcome variable. We first compared the baseline characteristics of individuals with and without nocturia. The impact of arthritis on nocturia was assessed using weighted multivariate logistic regression models. To ensure the stability of the results, propensity score matching analysis and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results: The incidence of nocturia was approximately 22.31%, and the incidence of arthritis was about 15.32% (2871/18 745), with osteoarthritis accounting for 35.49% (1019/2871) and rheumatoid arthritis accounting for 20.20% (580/2871). Adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of nocturia was increased by arthritis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-1.65, p < 0.0001), including osteoarthritis (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18-1.78, p < 0.001) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.14-2.00, p = 0.004). After propensity score matching using nearest neighbor methods at a 1:1 ratio, this relationship still exists. Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences in the interactions between arthritis and the risk of nocturia across various factors, such as age, family income to poverty ratio, education level, body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes. However, significant differences were observed across different sex groups and sleep trouble groups. Conclusions: This study revealed that arthritis, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, increased the risk of nocturia in adults under the age of 60.