Anti- inflammatory, antithrombotic and anti- oxidant bioactives of beer and brewery by- products, as ingredients of bio- functional foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals with health promoting properties

Fermented alcoholic beverages and their by - products, including beer and breweries' bio - wastes like spent yeasts, grain, and hops, contain a plethora of natural bioactive compounds that have recently gained attention for their valorization as functional ingredients in several novel foods and nutraceuticals, as well as in drugs and cosmetics applications. Within this article, the natural bio - functional compounds of fermented beer product and breweries' by - products with anti - inflammatory, antithrombotic, and anti - oxidant bioactivities are thoroughly reviewed. The important roles of yeasts involved for such bioactives to be present in the fermented product and in the brewery bio - wastes are also outlined. The health promoting benefits of beer moderate consumption resulting from these bioactives, as part of a balanced diet, against inflammation - related chronic disorders is also discussed, along with the detrimental effects of beer consumption abuse and the potential benefits of alternative non - alcoholic beers. The mechanisms of action and synergism of the natural bioactives present in the fermented beer product and in breweries' by - products, with anti - inflammatory, anti - thrombotic, and antioxidant properties are also presented. Current research and future perspectives on valorizing bioactives of fermented beer and brewery by - products, such as spent yeasts, grain and hops in health - promoting functional foods, supplements, nutraceuticals cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and pharmaceuticals are also thoroughly evaluated, while the limitations of their use are also discussed.