Advancing fault diagnosis in next-generation smart battery with multidimensional sensors

With the increasing installation of battery energy storage systems, the safety of high -energy -density battery systems has become a growing concern. Developing reliable battery fault diagnosis and fault warning algorithms is essential to ensure the safety of battery systems. After years of development, traditional fault diagnosis techniques based on three-dimensional information of voltage, current and temperature have gradually encountered bottlenecks. It is necessary to adopt a proactive approach by using mulitidimensional information to advance fault diagnosis techniques. This involves integrating advanced sensing technologies, collecting multidimensional data and uncovering subtle changes in battery behavior. This paper delves into the mechanisms and evolutionary paths of battery faults, with a specific focus on the multidimensional observable signals associated with different faults for enhanced safety strategy. Furthermore, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of potential applications of different sensors for multidimensional measurement in battery fault diagnosis. It also explores the future trends and research directions of the next generation of battery fault diagnosis techniques driven by multidimensional data collection and artificial intelligence algorithms.