Investigation of 50 g Oral Glucose Challenge Test Efficacy in Pregnant with and Without Risk Factors in Gestational Diabetes Screening

Aim: Who should be screened for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still a matter of debate. This study was to investigate the results of administering the 50 g oral glucose loading test to pregnant women with risk factors for GDM instead of all pregnant. Methods: In this retrospective study, pregnant women were divided into two groups according to whether they had at least one of these risk factors. Eighty-four pregnant women had no risk factor for gestational diabetes, while 120 of the 204 pregnant women had at least one risk factor. The 50 and 100 g oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) results were recorded. The prevalence of GDM and predictive values of OGCT were statistically analyzed. Results: The positive predictive value of 50 g OGCT was 20% for pregnant women without risk factors and 48.39% for pregnant women with at least one risk factor. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: The positive predictive value of 50 g of OGCT in pregnant women without risk factors was 20%, whereas that in pregnant women with at least one of the risk factors was 48.39%, a statistically significant difference. According to our study, if a selective population is screened, 2.38% of pregnant women without risk factors will not be diagnosed. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of universal screening.