Research on Supply Chain Traceability System Based on Semantic Multi-Blockchain and Pre-OnChain Data Verification

Blockchain-based supply chain traceability systems are characterized by decentralization, transparency, and immutability. However, if all nodes replicate the entire ledger, it would result in significant storage overhead. Some nodes might be forced to exit the system due to inadequate storage resources. Additionally, the chained structure of blockchain implies that query delays will significantly increase as the volume of data grows. Furthermore, the immutable nature of blockchain demands a higher level of accuracy in the original data within the traceability system, as once erroneous data is uploaded to the blockchain, it cannot be altered or removed. In this paper, First, we analyze the requirements of supply chain business scenarios and the characteristics of traceability data. Then, we propose a semantic multi-chain storage architecture, categorizing data from different business entities into respective semantic side-chains, thereby addressing issues such as insufficient node storage and on-chain data explosion. Second, We introduce a semantic aggregation storage optimization technique, consolidating data with identical semantic keys into a single block, thereby reducing the number of blocks accessed during queries and improving query efficiency. Lastly, for the first time, we introduce a pre-onchain data reliability verification mechanism based on data characteristics. The results indicate that the proposed solution can offer reduced on-chain storage space, faster query speeds, and enhanced reliability of the original data sources.