What are the determinants of the financial and social performance of MFIs in Togo? Does gender borrower matter on financial performance?

Using the panel generalized method of moments, we scrutinize the key factors of financial and social performance of Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Togo. We report that a higher increase in equity leads to MFIs' financial sustainability while an increase in debt leads to unsustainability. Furthermore, the increase in staff expenditure and operational efficiency decreases financial performance. Interestingly, in the context of Togo, the percentage of male borrowers contributes more strongly to the profitability and sustainability of MFIs than female borrowers. However, in terms of loan repayment, female borrowers contribute more to the sustainability of MFIs than male borrowers