Aging in Spain. A multiscalar territorial analysis

In 2020, more than 9.2 million people in Spain were over 65 years old. This represented almost 20% of its total population, being one of the oldest countries in the world. The main objective of this work is to typify the geographical distribution of aging in Spain, using the Multiscalar Territorial Analysis, which will allow us to investigate the territorial contrasts that occur in the country with respect to the phenomenon. The method will allow establishing a territorial typology of the distribution of aging The Multiscalar Territorial Analysis is based on the combination of the relative deviations of an area, in this case the Spanish municipalities, with respect to other reference territorial contexts: the state, the Autonomous Communities, the provinces and the neighbouring municipalities. Discovering the territorial contrasts that aging draws in the Spanish geography will be one of the objectives of the present work where the procedure followed will show that aging is a generalized phenomenon, but not homogeneous, in the territory, since it shows continuities, discontinuities and contrasts. which is the result of the unequal incidence that, on past demographic structures, both the evolution of natural mobility and, above all, that of migratory dynamics had. Aging, as the main result of many of these structural changes, is compromising the demographic present of many Spanish municipalities, determining the viability of a large part of the Spanish territory, irremediably doomed to depopulation and demographic collapse. The other side of this situation is the environment of many cities, the islands or the coastal strips of the country that have seen their demographic structures revamped thanks to the continuous reception of young people.