Research progress of wearable flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat

Sweat contains many physiological information about the body , such as electrolytes , metabolites , hormones , temperature , etc . Sweat -based wearable sensors enable real-time , continuous , non-invasive monitoring of multimodal bio-metrics at the molecular level , and are widely studied for their significant potential in areas such as motion sensing , disease prevention , and health management. This paper described the five modules of substrate , sweat collection , sensing , power supply and decision making in the integrated structure of wearable sweat sensors , highlighted the excellent performance and applications of nanostructures (such as metal -based and carbon -based materials ) in electrochemical sensing sensitive materials , and finally discussed the challenges of wearable sweat sensors in terms of trace sweat collection and variability of physicochemical variables in multi -parameter sensing , meanwhile , future directions of wearable sweat sensing are proposed for two key problems of sweat collection and real-time calibration , including bionic microfluidics and multi -parameter feedback regulation methods to achieve efficient collection and accurate detection of microscopic sweat , promote the application and development of realtime early warning of sweat sensing for chronic major diseases.