Toward governance, resilience, and economic outcomes in urban energy transition based on renewable energy allocation

The accelerating global urbanization demands a paradigm shift in urban energy systems towards sustainability. This paper presents an integrated approach using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) to optimize the transition from conventional to renewable energy sources in urban areas. The study focuses on minimizing operational costs and emissions by strategically allocating resources between conventional units, hydrogen production, and renewable energy sources. Through extensive simulations and analysis, our approach demonstrates effectiveness in achieving a balance between economic viability and environmental sustainability. We provide a detailed breakdown of operational costs and emissions, offering valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners. The results underscore the pivotal role of ACO in guiding decision-making processes, ensuring cities transition to cleaner, more efficient energy systems. This research not only contributes to academic discourse but also provides actionable solutions for building greener and economically viable urban energy infrastructures. The methodologies and insights presented here offer a valuable framework for shaping the future of urban energy landscapes in the face of growing environmental challenges.