Women and Peace Theory and Civil Conflict Intensity

Do improved women's descriptive representation in legislative branches and women's participation in civil society decrease the intensity of civil conflicts? Is the impact of women's presence in legislative branches on the conflict intensity magnified by women's participation in civil society, and vice versa? In this study, we aim to expand the constructivist argument that equal gender roles in politics and civil society can bring about less intensive internal armed conflicts. Relying on time-series cross-national data on 151 countries from 1960 to 2016, we demonstrate that the increases in women's descriptive representation in parliaments and women's participation in civil society tend to decrease the predicted civil conflict intensity. In addition, we demonstrate that the deterrent effect of women's descriptive representation is magnified by women's participation in civil society and vice versa. These findings remain consistent in alternative model specifications with additional women-related control variables.