Prediction of mild cognitive impairment using EEG signal and BiLSTM network

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a cognitive disease that primarily affects elderly persons. Patients with MCI have impairments in one or more cognitive areas, such as memory, attention, language, and problem-solving. The risk of Alzheimer's disease development is 10 times higher among individuals who meet the MCI diagnosis than in those who do not have such a diagnosis. Identifying the primary neurophysiological variations between those who are suffering from cognitive impairment and those who are ageing normally may provide helpful techniques to assess the effectiveness of therapies. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) are utilized to investigate the processing of sensory, cognitive, and motor information in the brain. ERPs enable excellent temporal resolution of underlying brain activity. ERP data is complex due to the temporal variation that occurs in the time domain. It is actually a type of electroencephalography (EEG) signal that is time-locked to a specific event or behavior. To remove artifacts from the data, this work utilizes Independent component analysis, finite impulse response filter, and fast Fourier transformation as preprocessing techniques. The bidirectional long short-term memory network is utilized to retain the spatial relationships between the ERP data while learning changes in temporal information for a long time. This network performed well both in modeling and information extraction from the signals. To validate the model performance, the proposed framework is tested on two benchmark datasets. The proposed framework achieved a state-of-the-art accuracy of 96.03% on the SJTU Emotion EEG Dataset dataset and 97.31% on the Chung-Ang University Hospital EEG dataset for the classification tasks.