Dielectric terahertz metasurface governed by symmetry-protected BIC for ultrasensitive sensing

The non-radiative bound states in the continuum (BIC) have attracted much attention in achieving theoretically infinite quality (Q) factor. In this paper, a dielectric terahertz metasurface with C 4v symmetry is proposed, and a toroidal dipole resonance is easily obtained under incident plane wave. Moreover, by slightly tuning the asymmetry parameter delta to break the in-plane symmetry of the structure (side length perturbation), a magnetic dipole BIC mode radiates as quasi-BIC (QBIC) with extremely narrow linewidth and ultrahigh Q of 1.2 x 104 at delta = 0.4 mu m. It shows significant performance in THz sensing with the sensitivity around 446 GHz/RIU and figure of merit (FoM) up to 2267. The designed metasurface in the case of symmetry-breaking by position perturbation also achieves ultrasensitive sensing. Additionally, the effects of geometric parameters on the resonance modes have been comprehensively investigated. Our work provides a route to design symmetry-protected BIC metasurface with simple structure, and the Q factor as well as resonant frequency can be controlled using a single geometric parameter, which may facilitate designing high-performance metasurface in sensing applications.