Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with adenovirus infection

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare syndrome characterized by the accumulation of amorphous lipoproteinaceous material in the alveolar space and alveolar macrophage dysfunction. It can be classified according to its etiology into primary (90-95% of cases), secondary, and congenital. Infections are an important etiological component of alveolar proteinosis cases. We present a case of a 53-year-old man who presented with a progressive cough, shortness of breath, and fever. After a chest computed tomography scan, bronchoscopy, and transbronchial biopsy, a diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with adenovirus infection was made. The role of possible viral causation of alveolar proteinosis in cases of adenovirus infection needs to be studied.