Virtual Reality-Based Interventions to Improve Balance in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR)-based interventions to improve balance and mobility are gaining increasing traction across patient populations. VR-based interventions are believed to be more enjoyable and engaging for patients with traumatic brain injury. This scoping review aims to summarize existing studies from the literature that used VR to improve balance and mobility and determine the gap in VR-based balance literature specific to individuals with traumatic brain injury. Methods: Two authors independently searched the literature using the search terms "Virtual Reality Traumatic Brain Injury Lower Limb", "Virtual Reality Traumatic Brain Injury Balance", and "Virtual Reality Traumatic Brain Injury Gait". Results: A total of seventeen studies, specifically, three randomized controlled trials, one one-arm experimental study, two retrospective studies, two case studies, one feasibility/usability study, one cohort study, and seven diagnostic (validation) studies, met the inclusion criteria for this review. The methodological quality of the studies evaluated using the PEDro scale was fair. Discussion: Future studies should focus on large-scale clinical trials using validated technology to determine its effectiveness and dose-response characteristics. Additionally, standard assessment tools need to be selected and utilized across interventional studies aimed at improving balance and mobility to help compare results between studies.