Study of performance, emission characteristics, and parametric optimization of compression ignition engine using biofuels: A review

Environmental pollution is a significant global problem, and the automobile industry plays a crucial role in contributing to it. The use of petroleum-based fuels in vehicles leads to the release of harmful gases, including sulfur, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide, into the atmosphere. On the other hand, biodiesel fuels offer a promising alternative to petroleum fuels. They not only enhance gasoline lubricity and cetane range but also possess renewable properties, thereby improving air quality and security. The available evidence is pointing toward the fact that biodiesel fuels can effectively diminish smoke and pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. Furthermore, these fuels have the potential to enhance engine performance indicators like brake power, brake thermal efficiency, and brake-specific fuel consumption when employed in diesel engines. This study focuses on evaluating the use of biodiesel fuels in compression ignition engines, considering overall performance indicators such as brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, and emissions including hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and smoke. Furthermore, it highlights the application of innovative optimization methodologies to maximize engine efficiency and minimize emissions by optimizing injection timing, pressure, compression ratio, load, and other relevant factors.