A Linear Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Array Antenna Using Heterogeneous Beam Element Technology

Heterogeneous beam element (HBE) technology leverages the pattern shape of each element as a novel design degree of freedom (DoF) to enhance the scanning performance of phased array antennas (PAAs). Through strategic arrangements of HBEs, this technology effectively synthesizes a wide average active element pattern (AAEP), enabling wide-angle scanning. This study presents a novel HBE configuration that facilitates customized tilted element beams by controlling the current distribution on the radiating section. Based on the HBEs, the performance of a 4-element linear PAA is evaluated. Simulation results indicate that the 4-element linear HBE-based PAA (HBE PAA) can enhance the scan range from 60 to 70 degrees within the 5G mmWave band (24.25-29.5 GHz, 19.5%) at the cost of a broadside gain loss of less than 1 dB compared to its standard counterpart using standard dipole elements. The HBE technology provides a valuable complement to existing wide-angle scanning methodologies and holds the potential to serve as an efficient solution for wide-angle scanning.