Effective photothermal-photodynamic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles

The lack of tumor targeting ability and the ineffectiveness of single treatment modalities are two obstacles in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with different sizes (MSN 100 and MSN 50 ) were synthesized and functionalized with polydopamine (PDA), hypericin B (HB), and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides for combined photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of HCC targeting alpha v beta 3 integrin. MSN@PDA-RGD-HB were characterized by various techniques and showed selective drug release, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under laser irradiation. MSN 100 @PDA-RGD-HB exhibited higher cellular uptake and HCC toxicity than MSN 50 @PDA-RGD-HB in vitro , and specifically targeted HCC cells over normal cells. MSN 100 @PDA-RGD-HB demonstrated high biocompatibility in vivo , as confirmed by the hemolytic test and H &E staining. Importantly, MSN 100 @PDA-RGD-HB achieved a synergistic effect of PTT and PDT for HCC treatment in mice xenograft tumor model. Therefore, MSN 100 @PDA-RGD-HB has great potential for tumor therapy in the future.