Associations among science study attitudes, habits and science academic performance of elementary school students: a latent profile approach

This study examines elementary students' attitudes and habits towards science and their impact on academic performance. Data from a large-scale science test in China, involving 39,838 students, revealed three latent profiles: negative (15.39%), moderate (47.14%), and positive (37.47%) attitudes and habits towards science. Demographic analysis showed that female students, those from higher socioeconomic status families, and non-left-behind children generally exhibited more positive science attitudes and habits. Significant variations in academic performance were observed among these groups, with students displaying positive attitudes and habits achieving the highest academic outcomes, followed by those with moderate attitudes, and the lowest performance seen in students with negative attitudes and habits. These differences were statistically significant. Based on these findings, recommendations for school administrators include creating dedicated science learning spaces equipped with advanced technical tools like 3D printers and programming software, and ensuring an adequate quantity of science courses. These measures aim to foster scientific habits and interests among students, thereby enhancing their innovation mindset. Educators are encouraged to promote lifelong learning concepts and innovate teaching methods such as project-based learning to stimulate scientific curiosity. Students should actively participate in group science activities to increase their confidence and sense of achievement.