Revolutionizing dye removal: g-C3N4-Modified ZnO nanocomposite for exceptional adsorption of basic fuchsin dye

Organic dye pollution poses a critical environmental challenge, necessitating sustainable solutions for effective removal. This study presents a g-C3N4-modified ZnO nanosorbent to remove Basic Fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions efficiently. Synthesis and comprehensive characterization (SEM, BET, XPS, FTIR, XRD) elucidated the nanosorbent's properties and adsorption performance and mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate optimal performance under alkaline conditions, with significant adsorption capacity (up to 478.14 mg/g at 300 ppm dye concentration). Adsorption behavior is well-described by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-firstorder kinetic models. The nanosorbent demonstrates reusability and cost-effectiveness and exploits hydrogen bonding and 7C-7C interactions for adsorption. This work highlights the potential of g-C3N4@ZnO as a promising solution for mitigating dye pollution and promoting sustainable water treatment technologies.