The transition towards solar energy storage: a multi-level perspective

Affordable and clean energy is among the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). With solar and solar energy storage (SES) gaining ground and disrupting the existing centralized grid system, investigating the adoption of SES offers a chance to comprehend this socio-technical transition within the energy system. This study utilizes the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework to analyze the factors, mechanisms, and regulations that will facilitate the uptake of SES, moving towards energy independence. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of levels and stages of the transition as well as their interaction. Western Australia (WA) has emerged as a frontrunner in the realm of energy system advancements, with more than 35% of households utilizing residential solar systems. Abundant solar irradiation coupled with WA's state-owned electricity network provide a favorable environment for SES uptake. Furthermore, the WA government has set ambitious renewable energy targets, focusing on net-zero emission by 2050 further incentivizing adoption. Nevertheless, the study finds several barriers to adoption including return on investment considerations, safety standards, lack of knowledge and education about SES, as well as uncertainties in the regulatory framework. Consequently, the study underscores the need for a stable and enduring policy framework to expedite SES adoption.