Spice-Based Herbal Oral Care Products as an Intervention in the Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Scoping Review

Introduction: Several studies have been conducted on the benefits of using spice-based and conventional oral care products to treat periodontal diseases. Objectives: To determine the extent of literature in herbal oral care products in periodontal disease intervention. Eligibility criteria: Measurement of outcome (periodontal diseases), intervention (spice-based oral care products-curcumin, clove, sage, cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, pepper, and sumac), and control (chlorhexidine, metronidazole, scaling, and root planing). Sources of evidence: Electronic bibliographic databases like PUBMED and Google Scholar were used to find relevant peer-reviewed studies in English from January 2000 to April 2021. Finally, 61 studies were included in the analysis. Results: Nearly 91% of studies were from Asia. Among the study designs almost half of the study designs were randomised controlled trials. Among spices, almost 67% of studies used curcumin for the intervention. According to the form of delivery in spice-based agents, almost 67% were local delivery systems, followed by 13% mouthwash. Twenty-two studies were curcumin-based local delivery agents. Thirty-one percentage of studies of spice-based agents were delivered in the form of gel, followed by 40% of mouthwash. Periodontal parameters were assessed. Conclusions: The existing literature showed that spice-based oral care products used as interventions have improved periodontal status than conventional oral care products. Study designs were heterogeneous (in vitro and local application). Most studies are conducted in Asian countries, and curcumin was the most widely used spicebased agent in the form of locally administered drugs that were applied professionally.