Association of Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Youth with Cancer Risk in Adulthood: A Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Background: Lifestyle factors may affect cancer risk. This study aimed to identify whether the American Heart Association ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) score and its individual variables in youth are associated with subsequent cancer incidence. Methods: This study comprised participants of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study free of cancer at the analysis baseline in 1986 (n = 1,873). The baseline age was 12 to 24 years, and the follow-up occurred between 1986 and 2018. Results: Among 1,873 participants (mean age 17.3 +/- 4.1 years; 53.4% females at baseline), 72 incident cancer cases occurred during the follow-up (mean follow-up time 31.4 +/- 3.4 years). Baseline ICH score was not associated with future cancer risk (HR, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.12 per 1-point increment). Of individual ICH score variables, ideal physical activity (PA) was inversely associated with cancer incidence [age- and sex-adjusted HR, 0.45 (0.23-0.88) per 1-category change (nonideal/ideal)] and remained significant in the multivariable-adjusted model, including body mass index, smoking, diet, and socioeconomic status. A continuous PA index at ages 9 to 24 years and moderate-to-vigorous PA in youth were also related to decreased cancer incidence (P < 0.05). Body mass index, smoking, diet, total cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure were not related to cancer risk. Of the dietary components, meat consumption was associated with cancer incidence (P = 0.023). Conclusions: These findings indicate that higher PA levels in youth are associated with a reduced subsequent cancer incidence, whereas the American Heart Association's ICH score in youth does not. Impact: This finding supports efforts to promote a healthy lifestyle and encourages PA during childhood, yielding a subsequent healthier life.