Improved Blockchain Sharding Consensus for Cross-Shard Validation

The consensus algorithm, which serves as the core of block-chain technology, enables the realization of decentralized and secure trusted service delivery environments. To address the complex validation mechanisms for cross-shard transactions in sharding consensus algorithms, this paper proposes a comprehensible four-layer sharding consensus algorithm. It introduces synchronous nodes responsible for storing and updating the global state to ensure the consistency of cross-shard transactions, and routing nodes responsible for forwarding cross-shard transactions to the relevant shards to ensure their atomicity. Furthermore, this paper presents a "relevant reference" approach based on a Distributed Acyclic Graph (DAG) ledger structure of parallel chains to verify cross-shard transactions, thus unifying the validation and consensus of cross-shard transactions and simplifying the validation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher throughput and lower confirmation latency compared to other sharding consensus algorithms.