Fatigue behavior of 4D printed materials: a review

4D printing presents a new direction in additive manufacturing through the incorporation of the time dimension into objects, thereby empowering them to modify their shape, properties, or functioning in stimulus to external influences. It is critical to investigate the fatigue behavior of these materials to comprehend their durability and reliability in the context of repeated stress or environmental changes. However, there has been limited effort to study this phenomenon. The purpose of this literature review is to consolidate the current understanding of the fatigue properties of 4D printed materials and identify areas where research is lacking. The impact of this work is to establish a foundation through a literature review for advancements in material science and manufacturing research that can improve the understanding of the fatigue behavior of 4D printed materials.