Test-retest reliability of resting-state cerebral blood flow quantification using pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling (PASL) over 3 weeks vs 8 weeks in healthy controls

Arterial Spin Labeling is a valuable functional imaging tool for both clinical and research purposes. However, little is known about the test -retest reliability of cerebral blood flow measurements over longer periods. In this study, we investigated the reliability of pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling in assessing cerebral blood flow over a 3 ( n = 28) vs 8 ( n = 19) weeks interscan interval in 47 healthy participants. As a measure of cerebral blood flow reliability, we calculated voxel-wise, whole -brain, and regions of interest intraclass correlation coefficients. The whole -brain mean resting -state cerebral blood flow showed good to excellent reliability over time for both periods (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.85 for the 3 -week delay, intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.53 for the 8 -week delay). However, the voxel-wise and regions of interest intraclass correlation coefficients fluctuated at 8 -week compared to the 3 -week interval, especially within cortical areas. These results confirmed previous findings that Arterial Spin Labeling could be used as a reliable method to assess brain perfusion. However, as the reliability seemed to decrease over time, caution is warranted when performing correlations with other variables, especially in clinical populations.