Conversion of reservoir dams to pumped storage dams: A case study Batman Dam

The need for energy storage systems is crucial to enhance energy security, mitigate potential power outages, and maintain supply-demand balance. In this context, Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS) is one of the energy storage methods, distinguished as an environmentally friendly, long-lasting, cost-effective, and high-capacity system. Turkey's abundant hydroelectric potential highlights the promising approach of converting existing reservoirs into PHS systems, demonstrating a hopeful strategy for efficient energy utilization and energy continuity. This study is to investigate a model for integrating a PHS system into an existing dam structure. The study aims to develop a model and algorithm for systematically planning PHS conversions. This research stands out from previous studies by providing a comprehensive and detailed Geographic Information System (GIS) based analysis. The methodology is divided into two stages. In the first stage, a suitability map for the location of the second reservoir is generated using multi-criteria decision-making analysis, which takes into account multiple criteria simultaneously with the assistance of GIS for PHS conversion. In the second stage, a mathematical model encompassing various components of the PHS system is presented to calculate the energy potential of the dam. This model involves a comprehensive evaluation of the energy potential for the potential PHS system, including hydraulic losses. Pump power and turbine power calculations are made based on variations in pipe diameters and connection component coefficients for scenarios created for reservoir water volumes using Batman Hydroelectric Power Plant as the lower reservoir. These calculations indicate that 1299 kWh of energy storage can be provided within the scope of this study. These findings demonstrate that a more practical model, accounting for energy losses, yields more accurate results. Consequently, while recommending the use of this model in energy management applications, it is emphasized that accelerating future efforts will save valuable time and resources.