Remarkable fluorescence enhancement of acridine orange and rhodamine B through immobilization on zirconia nanotube array film and its application on nitrite sensing

Zirconia nanotube array films (ZNAF) prepared by anodic oxidation method were used as immobilization materials for acridine orange (AO), rhodamine B (RB) and AO-RB systems. A comparative study on their fluorescence emission intensity, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence detection of nitrite in aqueous solutions and on immobilization films with ZNAF as carriers was carried out. Results demonstrate that the solution pH values and immobilization on ZNAF have a great influence on the performance of these fluorescent molecules. Compared with aqueous solutions, the fluorescence emission intensity of AO and RB is considerably increased by immobilization, which is 8.0 and 4.2 times higher than the original, respectively. The energy transfer efficiency ( E ) of the AO-RB system increases from 40.9 % to 84.8 % by loading it on ZNAF. Moreover, after immobilization onto ZNAF, the fluorescence detection performance of nitrite is also significantly improved. The limit of detection decreases from 0.95 ng/mL to 0.22 ng/mL and the sensitivity increases from 939.18 to 15,031.68 mL/ mu g through loading AO onto ZNAF. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.