Evaluation and characterization of Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Seigler & Ebinger using phytochemical, antioxidant, GC-MS, antibacterial, and anticancer properties

Medicinal plants provide a diverse spectrum of biological compounds that have significant uses in medicine and the well-being of humans. Vachellia leucophloea is a widely recognized medicinal plant in India with a wide range of therapeutic characteristics. This tree has been used in traditional medicine to treat numerous types of ailments since ancient times. Vachellia leucophloea contributes a significant part in regulating the death of cancer cells despite causing no adverse effects. In this present study, the bark of V. leucophloea was subjected to phytochemical analysis, total antioxidant activity by phosphor-molybdenum method, and DPPH assay to detect the radical scavenging activity, total phenol content for determining the plant's antioxidant activity. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were performed by the agar well diffusion method. UV-Vis, FTIR, GC-MS, and TLC studies were performed to confirm the presence of compounds. The extract was subjected to MIC and TVC studies in which the plant's ability to inhibit bacterial growth can be determined. DNA fragmentation assay was also analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. MTT assay was performed to analyze the anticancer activity against the MCF-7 Cell Line.