The impact of personality and self-efficacy on domain modeling productivity in graphical and textual notations

Context: Software development is a complex and human -intensive activity, where human factors can have a significant impact on productivity and quality of results. To address the complexity of software, domain modeling has gained much importance, mainly due to software methodologies such as Model -Driven Engineering and Domain -Driven Design. In particular, domain modeling is an essential task that allows developers to understand and effectively represent the problem domain. However, domain modeling productivity can be affected by several human factors, including developers ' personality and self -efficacy. Objective: The study aims to explore the influence of human factors, specifically developers ' personality and selfefficacy, on domain modeling productivity in graphical and textual notations. Method: An empirical controlled study was conducted with 134 third -year computer science students from the University of Alicante, guided by the definition of a theoretical model based on previous studies. The participants were tasked with creating domain models in both graphical and textual notations. The order in which the notations were used was randomized, and the participants were given different system specifications to model. After modeling, 98 participants completed questionnaires assessing their personality, self -efficacy, and notation satisfaction. The design and evaluation of the experiment employed the Goal, Question, and Metrics framework. Data analysis was performed using a stepwise selection method to select the most appropriate regression model. Results: The study indicates that personality and self -efficacy have a significant impact on the performance of junior domain model developers. Specifically, it was discovered that while neuroticism had a negative impact on efficiency in both notations, developers ' ability belief and use of graphical notation had a positive influence on effectiveness and efficiency in creating domain models. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering human factors and notation choice in software development. Developers ' personality and self -efficacy emerge as critical considerations for enhancing both productivity and quality in domain modeling.