Characteristics of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their hospital management

Objective: To determine the risk factors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective study used hospitalization records collected by the Indonesia Health Social Security Administrator Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan-BPJS Kesehatan). A total of 38277 eligible patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. The dependent variable of the study was the discharge status (death or recovery) of COVID-19. Independent variables were history of morbidity and disease-related occurrence, type of room health facilities, length of stay and demographic variables (sex, age). The analyses use bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the dominating variable associated with all these variables. Results: Of the 38277 inpatients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 31051 (81.1%) were discharged and 7226 (18.9%) died. Risk of death was positively associated with older age (aOR 5.74, 95% CI 4.20-7.87 for 19-64 years old; aOR 13.75, 95% CI 9.99-18.92 for 65 years above), male sex (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19), treated in ICU without ventilator (aOR 5.84, 95% CI 5.41-6.30) and had comorbid respiratory diseases (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 4.93-5.90), but negatively associated with hospital stay of 15 days or longer (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36-0.43). Conclusions: COVID-19 related death during hospitalization was associated with duration and type of treatment, and existing medical condition among the inpatient individuals during COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta. The findings of the study suggest importance of appropriate and timely medical intervention and care.