Sustainable development through digital innovation: Unveiling the impact of big data comprehensive experimental zones on energy utilization efficiency

Efficient energy utilization stands as a linchpin for national energy security and sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. The transformative potential of big data in driving regional economic growth is pivotal for advancing the goals of sustainability and carbon neutrality. This study employs advanced Generalized Difference-in-Differences methods to investigate the enduring influence of establishing national Big Data Comprehensive Experimental Areas (BDCEAs) on energy utilization efficiency within the experimental zones from 2008 to 2020. Our findings underscore the significant role of BDCEAs in fostering sustainable energy practices and contributing to the global pursuit of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. Through rigorous analysis, we reveal regional variations, emphasizing the substantial impact of big data on energy utilization efficiency in specific areas, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms of industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and resource allocation optimization. This research enriches the understanding of factors influencing energy utilization efficiency, providing valuable insights for leveraging the digital economy to promote a greener and more sustainable future.