Multidisciplinary care in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifaceted and progressive disorder characterized by a diverse range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The complexity of PD necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to manage both motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, gait disturbances and falls, and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. Pharmacotherapy, particularly dopaminergic replacement therapy, has advanced to alleviate many symptoms. However, these medications can also induce side effects or aggravate symptoms like hallucinations or orthostatic dysfunction, highlighting the need for comprehensive patient management. The optimal care for PD patients involves a team of specialists, including neurologists, physical and occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, psychologists, and other medical professionals, to address the complex and individualized needs of each patient. Here, we illustrate the necessity of such a multidisciplinary approach in four illustrative PD cases with different disease stages and motor and non-motor complications. The patients were treated in different treatment settings (specialized outpatient clinic, day clinic, inpatient care including neurorehabilitation). The biggest challenge lies in organizing and implementing such comprehensive care effectively across different clinical settings.