A review of the energy storage system as a part of power system: Modelling, simulation and prospect

Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources, modern power systems face great challenges across generation, network and demand side. Energy storage systems are recognised as indispensable technologies due to their energy time shift ability and diverse range of technologies, enabling them to effectively cope with these changes. However, the multi-timescale dynamics of the energy storage system that differs from the traditional synchronous generators results in the challenges for the accurate and efficient simulation for the power system with multiple energy storage systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential solutions for the modelling and simulation of the energy storage system as a part of power system by comprehensively reviewing the state-of-the-art technology in energy storage system modelling methods and power system simulation methods. The selection principles for diverse timescales models of the various energy storage system models to solve different analysis of the power system with energy storage systems are discussed. The implementation methods for existing solutions to multi-timescale simulation enabling effective analysis of behaviours resulting for the coupling of multiple timescales of the power system are also introduced and their potential applications on analysing the dynamic features of the power system with multiple energy storage systems are also discussed.