Advancing the dual learning system in Kazakhstan: Perspectives of agri-business sector employers

The dual learning system gained prominence as part of the education system in Kazakhstan, involving training students in close collaboration with businesses to equip them with the skills and expertise needed for a modern workforce. This study contributes to existing literature examining the adoption and implementation of German-originated training practices in developing countries using an empirical evaluation of the performance of the dual learning system and traditional education in the Kazakhstani agri-food business sector based on perceptions of businesses, their attitudes and motivation for participation. A qualitative methodology based on the Expectancy Theory of Motivation was utilized by implementing Focus Group Discussions with employers of 19 businesses of different sizes. Results showed that while certain businesses implementing dual learning excel in attracting skilled professionals, most employers highlight hesitance among younger individuals to pursue careers in the agri-food sector. Small businesses mainly encounter difficulties in effectively communicating the benefits of working in the sector, coping with high costs, and grappling with uncertainties surrounding the retention of graduates. Managerial and policy recommendations from the study include incentivizing businesses for data sharing on the implementation of dual learning, facilitating graduate retention support and standardizing training conditions.