Biosynthesis of Nanocomposite Alginate-Chitosan Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles Coated with Eugenol/Quercetin to Enhance Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex process that can be facilitated through the development of wound dressings satisfying its primary requirements. The present study aims to investigate the wound healing and antibacterial properties of alginate-chitosan nanocomposite carrying eugenol-loaded silver nanoparticles. Alginate-chitosan nanocomposite contains an antibacterial structure, has wound healing properties, and is biocompatible, biodegradable, and cost-convenient. Adding biosynthesized silver nanoparticles coated with eugenol is known to enhance the antimicrobial properties of biofilm and add anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects to it. Silver nanoparticles were coated with eugenol, and alginate-chitosan nanocomposite-loaded eugenol-silver nanoparticle was prepared. The resulting nanocomposites were assessed with DSC and SEM tests. The antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles eugenol loaded, and nanocomposite were investigated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and nanocomposite's wound healing capability was examined in mouse models. Silver nanoparticles were described by UV, XRD, and TEM for an average size of 30 nm. Zeta potential results (- 36 convert to - 25) suggested that the nanoparticles were thoroughly covered with eugenol and had better antibacterial properties against gram-negative bacteria. The nanocomposite with eugenol loader silver nanoparticles showed maximum antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria; and the measured inhibition zones ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 mm. Results of testing the nanocomposite's antioxidant and antibacterial properties indicated significantly better properties compared to alone composite, which was significantly evident in wound healing (81% in 7 day). The alginate-chitosan nanocomposite containing silver nanoparticles that were loaded with eugenol and biosynthesized with quercetin revealed the opportunity to develop a biocompatible antibacterial wound dressings that could prove a suitable tool to exert antioxidant effects and increase silver nanoparticle activity while reducing its cellular toxicity by preventing the rapid release and dispersion of eugenol-loaded silver nanoparticles.