Efficient reduction of peak-to-average power ratio in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system by shuffling cluster sequences

We propose a shuffling cluster sequence technique without separate side information (SI) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In the proposed technique, the active subcarriers over two consecutive OFDM symbols are divided into 2V$$ 2V $$ clusters, and each cluster (packet frame) includes a header for ID#cluster and payload for Data#cluster$$ Data\# cluster $$. The 2V$$ 2V $$ clusters are shuffled to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the time-domain OFDM signal, which includes the information data and SI signals, with a low computational complexity. At the receiver, the information data can be correctly reconstructed by ID#cluster in the header of each cluster, achieving a smaller bit error rate than the conventional MIMO-OFDM system without PAPR reduction. Moreover, our technique is comparable with the conventional partial transmit sequence technique without the impact of a separate SI signal even when increasing the number of transmitter antennas in a nonlinear multipath fading channel.