Sarcopenia Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Older Adults in Bangkok, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia among older Thai adults residing in Bangkok and identify associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included Thai adults aged >= 60 years. All participants underwent assessments using the Yubi-wakka test, anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength tests, and physical performance evaluations. Information on demographic characteristics, chronic health conditions, nutritional status, and medication use was also collected. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using the independent t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression to identify risk factors. Results: Among the 600 participants, the overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 19%. The multivariate analysis identified 13 significant risk factors associated with sarcopenia, including age >= 75 years (odds ratio [OR]=10.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.7-30.2), higher education level (year) (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.74-0.98), lower income level (OR=5.4, 95% CI=1.4-21.4), Barthel index <90 (OR=11.0, 95% CI=3.5-34.5), lower body mass index (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.6-0.8), low calf circumference (OR=7.6, 95% CI=2.5-23.3), fall in the past year (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4-6.6), frailty (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1-4.5), malnutrition (OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.3-9.3), history of stroke (OR=7.5, 95% CI=1.3-41.4), vitamin D deficiency (OR=9.4, 95% CI=1.1-82.5), knee osteoarthritis (OR=6.3, 95% CI=1.57-25.31), and malignancy (OR=4.8, 95% CI=1.01-22.70). Conclusion: This study evaluated the sarcopenia status across a diverse demographic of older Thai adults using comprehensive assessments, and examined the impact of socioeconomic factors and various chronic conditions on the occurrence of sarcopenia.