Factors Influencing Vision Health and Eye Care among Older Adults in Northeast Tennessee

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the factors associated with vision impairment (VI), age-related eye disease (ARED), and frequency of eye examinations among older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study (N = 166) was designed to identify barriers in vision and eye care services among adults 50 years and older in four counties in Appalachian Tennessee. Surveys were administered in March 2023. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors of VI and ARED and the frequency of eye examinations. Results: In two out of the three regression models, predictors such as traveling >= 10 mi to an eye care provider, barriers to eye care, and a lack of exposure to eye health information emerged as significant factors. Individuals who traveled >= 10 mi to an eye care provider were more than twice as likely than individuals who traveled shorter distances to have VI and not maintain routine eye care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-6.75; AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.05-7.55, respectively). Reporting barriers to eye care doubled the odds of ARED (AOR 2.33, 95% CI 1.02-5.34) and substantially increased the odds of reporting a 3-year or longer interval since the last eye examination (AOR 7.45, 95% CI 1.85-29.96) compared with having no barriers to eye care. Moreover, limited exposure to eye health information tripled the odds of VI (AOR 3.26, 95% CI 1.15-9.24) and not maintaining routine eye care (AOR 3.07, 95% CI 0.97-9.70) compared with more exposure to eye health information. Other predictors also were uncovered in the analysis. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scarce literature on risk factors associated with vision health among older adults in Appalachia.