Foreign direct investment, information and communication technology, and economic growth: The case of North African Countries

This paper examines the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in modulating the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Egypt) over the period 1995 to 2021. Using advanced quantitative methods, including quantile regression, and comparing with Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), the study assesses the impact of FDI and ICT on growth, controlling for country fixed effects. The results indicate that FDI has a significant positive impact on growth, particularly when interacting with transmission channels, notably the telephone (mobile and fixed). However, the interaction with the internet varies according to quantile levels, showing positive effects at low quantiles and negative effects at high quantiles. The study highlights the importance of investment policies, digital inclusion, and research to optimize the benefits of FDI in the region.