A deep learning-based real-time hypothermia and hyperthermia monitoring system with a simple body sensor

Graphical abstract A real-time hypothermia and hyperthermia monitoring system with a simple body sensor based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is presented. The sensor is produced with 3D-printed thermochromic material. Due to the color change feature of thermochromic materials with temperature, 3D-printed thermochromic Polylactic Acid (PLA) material was used to monitor temperature changes visually. In this paper, we have used the transfer learning technique and fine-tuned the AlexNet CNN. Thirty images for each temperature class between 28-44 degrees C and 510 image data were used in the algorithm. We used 80% and 20% of the data for training and validation. We achieved 96.1% accuracy of validation with a fine-tuned AlexNet CNN. The material's characteristics suggest that it could be employed in delicate temperature sensing and monitoring applications, particularly for hypothermia and hyperthermia.