A Rare Presentation of Ascites Secondary to Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis in a Patient With Factor V Leiden Mutation

We present the case of a 36 -year -old female with Factor V Leiden mutation taking warfarin, who presented to the emergency department with swelling in the abdominal and bilateral lower extremities. Initial assessment revealed an international normalized ratio (INR) of 5.0. Abdomen/pelvis computed tomography (CT) and computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans indicated chronic thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC), leading to the development of ascites and swelling. Extensive investigations were conducted to explore potential contributing factors for the ascites and edema, all of which yielded negative results. Warfarin was discontinued, and unfractionated heparin was initiated once the INR decreased to 2.0. The patient underwent IVC angioplasty with stent placement, resulting in significant improvement of ascites and lower extremity swelling. Subsequently, heparin was transitioned to oral warfarin, and therapeutic INR levels were achieved before discharge. At the follow-up outpatient visit, the patient's ascites and lower extremity edema had completely resolved. This case highlights a rare instance of IVC involvement associated with Factor V Leiden mutation. Furthermore, the patient's history of noncompliance with medication, initial supratherapeutic INR, and chronic IVC thrombosis emphasize the importance of medication adherence and the crucial role of primary care in ensuring regular follow-up and monitoring.